Definition and Examples of Standard British English

The term Standard British English customarily refers to a variety of the English language thats generally used in professional communication  in Britain (or, more narrowly defined, in England or in southeast England) and taught in British schools. Also known as  standard English English or  British Standard English (BrSE). Although no formal body has ever regulated the use of English in Britain, a fairly rigid model of Standard British English has been taught in British schools since the 18th century. Standard British English is sometimes used as a synonym for Received Pronunciation (RP). John Algeo notes, however, that despite numerous differences in pronunciation, American English resembles present standard British English more closely than it does any other British type of speech (The Origins and Development of the English Language, 2014). Examples and Observations [D]uring the 18th and 19th centuries publishers and educationalists defined a set of grammatical and lexical features which they regarded as correct, and the variety characterized by these features later came to be known as Standard English. Since English had, by the 19th century, two centres, Standard English came to exist in two varieties: British and US. These were widely different in pronunciation, very close in grammar, and characterized by small but noticeable differences in spelling and vocabulary. There were thus two more or less equally valid varieties of Standard English—British Standard and US Standard. . . . [T]here is no such thing (at present) as a Standard English which is not British or American or Australian, etc. There is no International Standard (yet), in the sense that publishers cannot currently aim at a standard which is not locally bound. (Gunnel Melchers and Philip Shaw, World Englishes: An Introduction. Arnold, 2003) The Perceived Prestige of British English [D]uring most of the 20th century Europeans preferred British English, and European instruction in English as a foreign language followed the norms of British English in pronunciation (specifically RP), lexical choice, and spelling. This was a result of proximity, the effective methods of language teaching developed by British institutions such as the British Council, and the perceived prestige of the British variety. As American English grew more influential in the world, it became an option alongside British English in mainland Europe and elsewhere. For a while, especially during the second half of the 20th century, a prominent attitude was that either variety was acceptable for a learner of English as long as each variety was kept distinct. The idea was that one could speak British English or American English but not a random mix of the two.(Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable, A History of the English Language, 5th ed. Prentice Hall, 2002)The prestige of  British English is  oft en assessed . . . in terms of its purity (a baseless notion) or its elegance and style (highly subjective but nonetheless powerful concepts). Even those Americans who are put off by posh accents may be impressed by them and hence likely to suppose that standard British English is somehow better English than their own variety. From a purely linguistic point of view, this is nonsense, but it is a safe bet that it will survive any past or future loss of British influence in world affairs.(John Algeo and Carmen A. Butcher,  The Origins and Development of the English Language, 7th ed. Wadsworth,  2014)   Irregular Verbs The researchers [using a new online tool developed by Google with the help of scientists at Harvard University] were also able to trace how words had changed in English, for example a trend that started in the US towards more regular forms of verbs from irregular forms like burnt, smelt and spilt. The [irregular] forms still cling to life in British English. But the -t irregulars may be doomed in England too: each year, a population the size of Cambridge adopts burned in lieu of burnt, they wrote. America is the worlds leading exporter of both regular and irregular verbs.(Alok Jha, Google Creates a Tool to Probe Genome of English Words for Cultural Trends. The Guardian, December  16, 2010)

Othello, By William Shakespeare Essay - 861 Words

â€Å"Reputation, Reputation, Reputation† is a quotation from act two, scene three, of Shakespeare s Othello (Arp, 2012, p. 1312). Reputation has always been a key aspect of human nature. People recognize trends in others, and will act accordingly, based on the situation. Reputation is gained through habitually exerting a virtue, or lack there of, and can be used to do many things, some good and some bad. The play Othello shows how hard it is to gain a reputation, how it can be used, and how easily it can be lost, all in one Shakespearean shell. Reputation is a main theme in the play Othello, and it shows, mainly, in the three characters Othello, Cassio, and Iago. Cassio is Othello s lieutenant, and he is a man who is committed to Othello (Arp, 2012, p. 1276). Cassio holds his reputation, as a lieutenant under Othello, highly. He is proud of his military accomplishments and ranking. This, though, all came to an end one night when he was tricked into having a drunken brawl with Montano, the predecessor to Othello s job (Arp, 2012, p. 1276). It all started when Cassio told Iago that he himself was a bad drinker. Iago then took the opportunity to get Cassio drunk. He sang songs to get Cassio drinking until Cassio blacked out drunk (Arp, 2012, p. 1306-1307). Then Iago led him to be manipulated by Roderigo, Iago s puppet who trying to win Desdemona, into getting into a fight. Roderigo instigated the fight, then, as Montano tried to split it up, Cassio then hit Montano, and thatShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to ta ke extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

The Ethical Issues of Running with Scissors Essay - 685 Words

Ethical Issues of â€Å"Running with scissors† This movie is told from Augusten Burroughs point of view of his childhood. He was very close to his mother; he skipped school to stay with her. To him he seemed to have an ordinary life. His house was very clean and he would polish things because he liked it so clean. His mother Deidre Burroughs, who has gone insane after her divorce from his father, gives him up for adoption to her psychiatrist, Dr. Finch. She comes to their house quite often throughout the movie and asks why he spends so much time with them. Dr. Finch has two daughters and an adopted son some of who were at one time his patients. At the age of twelve, Augusten engages in a romantic relationship with Neil Bookman who is†¦show more content†¦Instead of fixing Deidre’s psychological issues Dr. Finch created more issues between her and Augusten. Also allowing him to engage in a romantic relationship with a male twice his age caused him more psychological harm than benefit. Augusten wanted someone to speak up and tell him what he was doing was wrong. He wanted to be treated like a child with a mother and father and instead of building a family Dr. Finch tore it apart. Dr. Finch tricked Deidre into signing over power of attorney to his self so he could steal her money it was a violation of codes 3.06 and 3.08 conflict of interest and Exploitative Relationships. Dr. Finch gained Deidre’s trust as her psychologist and used it in a very dishonest way. When Deidre found out what he had done she tried to confront him but he turned everything around to make her think she conjured the scenario up. He tried to have her committed for insanity. Dr. Finch should not have had his license because he broke so many rules. He had no regards for ethics and he may have been psychotic himself. He broke all five of the principles of ethics. He had no sense of care for his patients. He seemed to be working for the money not to actually help people. He never actually helped any of his patients in fact he made many situations worse. He condoned unhealthy relationships with hisShow MoreRelatedReproductive Technology And The Medical Field1946 Words   |  8 Pagesto genetically modify a child by eliminating diseases, this technique raises many ethical and medical issues. Bioethicists, geneticists and others have suggested that genetically modifying babies may cause miscarriage, other potential dangers such as an increase in class divisions in society, and have unknown effects on other gene characteristics if one gene is altered. Other problems raised include societal issues such as sex discrimination and discrimination favoring designe r babies over non-designerRead More1.A)For This Writer, The Definition Of Disaster Is When1536 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal safety in an emergent situation. 6. 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They will be able to combine and classify items in a more sophisticated manner, and begin to consider their futures. Support, guidance and help, on moral, ethical, social, economic and cultural issues, at these stages of development, can have a huge positive effect on the intellectual development of a child or young person. From birth babies are already physically developing the sequence begins with reaching, grabbing and holdingRead MoreTata International Strategy11355 Words   |  46 Pagesa certain score, thereby reflecting excellence, industry leadership and consistent improvement. Implicit in the TQMS approach is the belief that its wide-ranging methodology will enable Tata companies to become exemplars — on business as well as ethical parameters — in their respective spheres. TBEM The TBEM methodology has been moulded to deliver strategic direction and drive business improvement. 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Organizational Culture and Values Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Culture and Values. Answer: Normal challenges faced by the managers to manage their employees are with multi-focused objectives like organizational culture and values, selection of prioritized areas, productivity and improved work quality. Organizational culture and values Every organization runs with mission statement which includes vision, mission, objective and values. Vision always gives direction to the desired destination while mission points out the way to reach that destination. Objective gives the direction to desired level of achievement of the organization by application of corporate strategies while ethical view of the organization is fixed with the corporate values fixed by the organization. It is the duty of the manager to make the employee understand about these aspects as these are required to perform for the organization with the guideline fixed by the management. Ethical practice can be ensured through exercising of the values fixed by the organization while objective guides direction towards accomplishment of goal fixed by the organization. Managers role to make the employee understand the organizational culture and values plays a critical role in HR management as the same can make the team more efficient to perform their duties with ethical background and successful team spirit.(Mishra K, 2014) Selection of prioritized areas This area mainly emphasizes on the demand of the jobs with the availability of best possible resources provided by the organization. Every organization provides the set of useable resources to the employees by means of technological background, mechanical assistance, proposed fixation of targets with the available resources and these can be instrumental for the success of the organization. It is mostly found that employees should emphasize on the prioritized areas of the organization to understand what is to be accomplished by which resources. Manager is the best link in-between these two as he can make the employees understand about the achievable target by means of available resources. The more this can be critically made understood to the employees by the manager, the better the result expected from this effort. It is often found that the selection of prioritized areas can enhance the deliverable of the employees which the managers can only ensure through their effective communica tion to the employees.(Shaufeli, 2004) Productivity Productivity is the main domain of performance for the employees. Hence this area is to be prioritized with different activities by the managers. The set of targets for the employees are to be done in such way that they can find the same reachable. Good way to incentivize can be another way of getting the best result extractable from the employees. (Karanges E, 2015) Formation of an efficient team is more important with proper leadership which can only be ensured through the role of manager. Productivity of the organization can be ensured through fixation of time bound target along with the possible provision of training and technological resources for the employees enabling them to accomplish their targets. Most of the employees get confused of what is to be achieved as there are some super fictitious targets set for the employees. A good manager can come up with the leadership style which can convince the employees about their achievable target as well as the way to accomplish that through their effort. Manager has to play a positive role in this regard as he is the bridge between the organization and the employees so far the target or objective is concerned and he can fix the level of productivity to accomplish that target with the best possible utilization of available resources. (Carter WR, 2016) Improved work quality How improved work quality can be ensured is the question for the managers who handles the employees. There are different ways to look into it. Improved work quality can be ensured through introduction of better technological assistance or know how with proper implementation of the same. Manager can be instrumental in this regard as he is the leader of his team and accountable for the deliverance of the output from the employee. Better working condition can be another domain where the manager can ensure better feeling of the employees and thus can ensure the employees to keep them in their comfort zone to get the best result out of them. A good promotional approach in the form of acknowledgment of their efforts can ensure improved work quality of the organization which can only ensure the accomplishment of the organizational objective. Manager, being the leader can ensure that through his effort for the better work condition to improve work quality of the organization. Manager can mak e the situation best for the employees so far their accomplishment of target is concerned by enforcing certain measures which can lead to best possible outcome from the employees so far deliverable is concerned.(Tulgan, 2016) References: Carter WR, N.P.B.R.P.S.a.S., 2016. The effects of employee engagement and self efficiency on job performance, a longtitudinal feied study. The International Journal of Human Resoruce Managment. Karanges E, J.K.B.A.a.L.L., 2015. The Influence of internal communication on employee engagment: A pilot Study. Public Realtions Review , 41(1), pp.129-31. Mishra K, B.L.M.A., 2014. Driving Employee Engagement: The Expanded Role of Internal Communications. international journal of business communciations, Vol. 51(2) 183202. Shaufeli, B., 2004. Job Demands, Job Resoruces and their relationship woth burnout and engagment. Organziational behavior, 25(3). Tulgan, B., 2016. Six steps to improve employee work quality. [Online] Available at: https://www.ldphub.com/general-news/six-steps-to-improve-employee-work-quality-222096.aspx [Accessed 05 October 2017].